Perspektif Realisme terhadap Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence pada Pembelajaran Abad 21
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56916/ejip.v4i4.2683Keywords:
Realisme, Kecerdasan buatan, Pembelajaran Abad 21, Filsafat PendidikanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pembelajaran abad 21 melalui perspektif filsafat realisme. Realisme sebagai aliran filsafat pendidikan menekankan pentingnya kenyataan objektif, pengalaman empiris, dan pengetahuan berbasis bukti, sehingga memiliki relevansi kuat dengan tuntutan pembelajaran modern yang menekankan penguasaan kompetensi abad 21. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka (literature review) dengan menelaah buku, artikel jurnal, dan dokumen ilmiah yang dipublikasikan pada rentang tahun 2015–2025, dengan prioritas literatur terbaru (2020 ke atas). Analisis dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, untuk mengevaluasi keterkaitan antara realisme, AI, dan pembelajaran abad 21. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa realisme menekankan pentingnya pembelajaran yang berbasis pada fakta dan pengalaman nyata, sementara pembelajaran abad 21 menuntut penguasaan keterampilan berpikir kritis, kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan komunikasi (4C). AI berfungsi sebagai instrumen aplikatif yang mampu menghadirkan pengalaman belajar berbasis data nyata, simulasi realistis, serta materi adaptif sesuai kebutuhan siswa. Integrasi AI dalam pembelajaran tidak hanya memperkuat prinsip realisme, tetapi juga mendukung tercapainya kompetensi 4C secara lebih efektif. Integrasi realisme, AI, dan pembelajaran abad 21 membentuk pendekatan pendidikan yang faktual, relevan, dan adaptif terhadap tantangan global. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa AI tidak sekadar teknologi, tetapi sarana yang merealisasikan prinsip realisme dalam praktik pembelajaran modern, sekaligus memberikan implikasi penting bagi pengembangan strategi pembelajaran, kurikulum, dan kebijakan pendidikan di era digital.
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