Systematic Literature Review: Tren Penggunaan dan Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Digital Dalam Konteks Pendidikan Abad Ke-21
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56916/ejip.v4i4.2746Keywords:
Systematic Literature Review, Media Pembelajaran Digital, Efektivitas, Pendidikan Abad Ke-21, Tren PenelitianAbstract
Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong transformasi besar dalam dunia pendidikan, terutama dalam pemanfaatan media pembelajaran digital sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran abad ke-21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tren penggunaan, jenis media, efektivitas, serta implikasi media pembelajaran digital melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus pada rentang tahun 2020–2025 dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang ketat, sehingga terpilih 58 artikel relevan dari 92 artikel hasil seleksi awal. Analisis tren publikasi menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan penelitian tentang media pembelajaran digital pasca-pandemi COVID-19, dengan pergeseran fokus dari penggunaan Learning Management System (LMS) konvensional menuju media inovatif seperti augmented reality (AR), mobile learning, dan gamifikasi. Hasil sintesis literatur mengungkap bahwa AR menjadi media paling dominan (21%), diikuti oleh LMS (16%) dan mobile learning applications (12%), yang menunjukkan pergeseran menuju pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman imersif. Sebanyak 85% artikel melaporkan peningkatan signifikan dalam hasil belajar, motivasi, dan keterlibatan peserta didik. Meskipun demikian, beberapa kendala seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur dan literasi digital pendidik masih menjadi tantangan utama. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa tren penggunaan media pembelajaran digital berperan strategis dalam mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21 (4C), mendorong pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan berpusat pada peserta didik, serta memberikan dasar empiris bagi perumusan kebijakan pendidikan digital yang berkelanjutan.
References
Amelia, R., Mustadi, A., & Suriansyah, A. (2024). Student’s acceptance of the Nearpod application: an investigation in elementary school. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(2), 682–692. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.26619
Anggrawan, A., Syafitri, D. C., & Satria, C. (2023). Developing Augmented Reality Learning and Measuring Its Effect on Independent Learning Compared to Traditional Learning. TEM Journal, 12(2), 975–987. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM122-44
Angraini, L. M., Yolanda, F., & Muhammad, I. (2023). Augmented Reality: The Improvement of Computational Thinking Based on Students’ Initial Mathematical Ability. International Journal of Instruction, 16(3), 1033–1054. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16355a
Azrai, E. P., Aulya, N. R., Suryanda, A., & Safitri, F. A. (2025). ECO-STEAM: A STEAM-BASED DIGITAL LEARNING WEBSITE FOR ECOSYSTEM TOPICS. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 15(2), 399–419. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.3065
Benny, B., Fios, F., Ying, Y., & Yang, E. (2025). Web-based interactive media model for character building education. Journal of Education and Learning, 19(3), 1637–1650. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i3.21876
Budiarto, M. K., Asrowi, Gunarhadi, G., Sunardi, undefined, & Rahman, A. (2025). Effect of ICT-Based Learning Media on Student Learning Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Journal of Learning for Development, 12(2), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v12i2.1354
Budiarto, M. K., Gunarhadi, G., Sunardi, u., & Rahman, A. (2025). Effect of ICT-Based Learning Media on Student Learning Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Journal of Learning for Development, 12(2), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v12i2.1354
Daryanto, E., Siregar, B., & Januariyansah, S. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the E-Learning Influence on Vocational Education and Training (VET): Preliminary Study of Virtual to Actualization. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 10(3), 710–721. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2509
Dermawan, D. D., Wuryandani, W., Herwin, H., Ikhsan, M. H., Giwangsa, S. F., Murron, F. S., Agusman, D. D., & Fadli, R. (2025). The Development of HOTS Assessment via Mobile Web Based Quizziz App. TEM Journal, 14(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM141-12
Deswita, H., Japar, M., & Solihatin, E. (2025a). “Ajarin” mobile: A mobile technology-based learning application to improve students’ mathematical understanding. Infinity Journal, 14(2), 349–368. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i2.p349-368
Deswita, H., Japar, M., & Solihatin, E. (2025b). “Ajarin” mobile: A mobile technology-based learning application to improve students’ mathematical understanding. Infinity Journal, 14(2), 349–368. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i2.p349-368
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Fadhli, R., Suharyadi, A., Firdaus, F. M., & Bustari, M. (2023). Developing a digital learning environment team-based project to support online learning in Indonesia. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(3), 1599–1608. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i3.24040
Fajri, F. A., Haribowo P, R. K., Amalia, N., & Natasari, D. (2021). Gamification in e-learning: The mitigation role in technostress. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21199
Hadi, W., Tansliova, L., Hutagalung, T., & Saputra, S. K. (2025). Augmented Reality as an Innovative Tool for Digitizing North Sumatran Folklore: Enhancing Educational Tourism Media Literacy for Children With Special Needs in Indonesia. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 15(6), 2009–2020. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1506.29
Hanifah, D. N. R., Sumarwati, S., & Suhita, R. (2024). Indonesian Junior High School Students’ Perceptions of Using Digital Storytelling Media in Learning to Write Fantasy Stories. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(10), 564–582. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.10.27
Heriyawati, D. F., Zuhairi, A., Sholihah, F. A., & Ubaidillah, M. F. (2024). Integrating Interactive Digital Media into Problem-Based Learning in EFL Reading: an Investigation on EFL Teacher Educators’ Experiences. XLinguae, 17(4), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2024.17.04.03
Huriyah, & Hidayat, A. (2022). SECTIONS Model Analysis for Pre-service English Teachers’ Media Selection in Pandemic Covid 19. International Journal of Instruction, 15(3), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15333a
Irwandi, Bafadal, M. F., Mahsup, undefined, & Ismail, H. (2024). Enhancing Students’ Writing Skills through Project-Based Learning with Digital Media Integration: An Experimental Study. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 6(6), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i6.7803
Ismail, S. N., Omar, M. N., Don, Y. Bin, Purnomo, Y. W., & Kasa, M. D. (2022). Teachers’ acceptance of mobile technology use towards innovative teaching in Malaysian secondary schools. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(1), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i1.21872
Kuncoro, T., Ichwanto, M. A., & Muhammad, D. F. (2023). VR-Based Learning Media of Earthquake-Resistant Construction for Civil Engineering Students. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054282
Kurniawan, A. H., Puspita, N., Yusmaniar, u., & Rajendra, F. (2023). The effectiveness of using digital applications for diabetes mellitus with augmented reality models as learning media in pharmacy education. Pharmacy Education, 23(2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.232.5359
Masduki, L. R., Pakaja, J. A., Wibowo, M., Arifin, Y., Khairunnisa, D., Caska, C., Tuasikal, M. A., & Mustari, M. (2024a). Investigating the effects of e-learning, digital transformation, and digital innovation on school performance in the digital era. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(3), 1567–1576. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.3.010
Masduki, L. R., Pakaja, J. A., Wibowo, M., Arifin, Y., Khairunnisa, D., Caska, Tuasikal, M. A., & Mustari, M. I. (2024b). Investigating the effects of e-learning, digital transformation, and digital innovation on school performance in the digital era. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(3), 1567–1576. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.3.010
Maulana, I., Siswandari, Gunarhadi, G., & Efendi, A. (2025). Virtual – Augmented Reality (VAR) for Science Learning: Development and Impact on Students’ HOTS Skills. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 23(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.23.1.3733
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., Antes, G., Atkins, D., Barbour, V., Barrowman, N., Berlin, J. A., Clark, J., Clarke, M., Cook, D., D’Amico, R., Deeks, J. J., Devereaux, P. J., Dickersin, K., Egger, M., Ernst, E., Gøtzsche, P. C., … Tugwell, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Mulyani, n., Suryani, n., & Suri, M. (2021). University students’ perceptions through e-learning implementation during covid-19 pandemic: Positive or negative features dominate? Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17628
Murtadlo, M., Albana, H., Helmy, M. I., Libriyanti, Y., Izazy, N. Q., & Saloom, G. (2024). Preserving the gotong royong character for Indonesian Gen-Z in the digital era. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(3), 1631–1640. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i3.27175
Muskhir, M., Luthfi, A., Effendi, H., Jalinus, N., Samala, A. D., & Slavov, V. (2025). Can Mobile-Based Augmented Reality Improve Learning in Electrical Circuit Education? International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(3), 595–604. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.3.2268
Mustari, M., Hartono, Nugroho, S. E., & Sugianto, S. (2025). Enhancing physics education through moocs-based virtual laboratory modules: development, validation, and future directions. Journal of Educators Online, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.9743/JEO.2025.22.2.5
Muttaqiin, A., Oktavia, R., Luthfi, Z. F., & Yulkifli, Y. (2024). Developing an Augmented Reality-Assisted Worksheet to Support the Digital Science Practicum. European Journal of Educational Research, 13(2), 605–617. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.2.605
Muzayanah, U., Maknun, M. L., Noviani, N. L., Muawanah, S., & Zakiyah, n. (2025). Utilization of Digital Space in Strengthening Religious Moderation Education of Generation Z in Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 33(2), 735–758. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.33.2.11
Muzayanah, U., Maknun, M. L., Sa’ad, F., Mustolehudin, & Taruna, M. M. (2025). Digital learning models: experience of online learning during the pandemic. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(2), 1196–1206. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i2.30032
Muzayanah, U., Maknun, M. L., Sa’ad, F., & Taruna, M. M. (2025). Digital learning models: experience of online learning during the pandemic. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(2), 1196–1206. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i2.30032
Nelson, S., Darni, R., Haris, F., Ilham, I., Ndayisenga, J., Septri, S., Sari, D. N., Ockta, Y., & Festiawan, R. (2025). The effectiveness of learning media based on digital augmented reality (AR) technology on the learning outcomes of martial arts. Retos, 63, 878–885. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.108948
Ninsiana, W., Septiyana, L., & Suprihatin, Y. (2024a). Introducing eco-literacy to early childhood students through digital learning. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i1.20678
Ninsiana, W., Septiyana, L., & Suprihatin, Y. (2024b). Introducing eco-literacy to early childhood students through digital learning. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i1.20678
Nurmalisa, Y., Sunyono, Yulianti, D. M., & Sinaga, R. M. (2023). An Integrative Review: Application of Digital Learning Media to Developing Learning Styles Preference. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(1), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.1.1795
Parsa, I. M., Taneo, M., Messakh, J. J., Tokan, M. K., Dominikus, W. S., & Modok, R. H. (2023). Assessing the Participants of UNDANA Teacher Pro Profiles with Digital-Based Learning Model; Cat. 1, 2022. Information Sciences Letters, 12(8), 2521–2532. https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/120809
Pradana, F., Setyosari, P., Ulfa, S., Hirashima, T., Pinandito, A., Rokhmawati, R. I., & Iriani, N. I. (2024). Students’ Acceptance of Gamification-Based e-Learning in Supporting Web Programming Instruction. Ubiquitous Learning, 17(2), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-9795/CGP/v17i02/75-91
Prasetya, S. P., Hidayati, A., Farid, J. A., Listari, T., Ardiansyah, R., & Chanthoeurn, D. (2024). Development of Augmented Reality Atlas Volcano Series Media in Social Sciences Learning. TEM Journal, 13(4), 3125–3136. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM134-47
Priharsari, D. (2022). Systematic Literature Review di Bidang Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Ilmu Komputer, 9(2), 263. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2022923884
Rahma, R. A., Sucipto, Affriyenni, Y., & Widyaswari, M. (2021). Cybergogy as a digital media to facilitate the learning style of millennial college students. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 13(2), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i2.5691
Rahyasih, Y., Wijaya, W. M., & Syarifah, L. S. (2023). Exploring vocational students’ satisfaction with online learning. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 10(3), 352–357. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v10i3.4668
Rakhmawati, N. I. S., Hartati, S., & Supena, A. (2025). Sikumbang: The Construction of Pedagogical Content and Digital Media in a New Play-Based Concept for Early Childhood Mathematics Learning. International Journal of Early Childhood Learning, 33(1), 23–45. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7939/CGP/v33i01/23-45
Ramansyah, W., Praherdhiono, H., Degeng, I. N., & Kuswandi, D. (2024). A Gamified MOOC: The Development of an Interactive Moodle-Based Learning Environment. Ubiquitous Learning, 17(1), 93–119. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-9795/CGP/v17i01/93-119
Rina, N., Nugroho, C., Wulandari, A., Sugandi, M. S., & Anggraini, C. N. (2025). Integrating Digital Media in Early Childhood Literacy: An Educational Communication Approach from Bandung, Indonesia. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(7), 670–685. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i7.9851
Rini, R., Mujiyati, ,., Sukamto, I., & Hariri, H. (2022). The Effect of Self-Directed Learning on Students’ Digital Literacy Levels in Online Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 15(3), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15318a
Rizki, I. A., Suprapto, N., Saphira, H. V., Alfarizy, Y., Ramadani, R., Saputri, A. D., & Suryani, D. (2024a). Cooperative model, digital game, and augmented reality-based learning to enhance students’ critical thinking skills and learning motivation. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 8(1), 339–355. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202423825
Rizki, I. A., Suprapto, N., Saphira, H. V, Alfarizy, Y., Ramadani, R., Saputri, A. D., & Suryani, D. (2024b). Cooperative model, digital game, and augmented reality-based learning to enhance students’ critical thinking skills and learning motivation. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 8(1), 339–355. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202423825
Rulyansah, A., Ghufron, S., Nafiah, Akhwani, & Mariati, P. (2023). Competencies of Teachers in Game-based Pedagogy. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 13(2), 354–370. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.02.39
Rusmadi, A. H. (2022). Hybrid learning in photography class amidst pandemics. Alam Cipta, 15(2), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.47836/AC.15.2.PAPER10
Santosa, M. H., Harismayanti, I., & Jaya Putra, I. N. A. (2022). Technology in Action: Developing Gamification Handbook in English Teaching and Learning for the 21st Century Learners. TESL-EJ, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.55593/EJ.26101A2
Saripudin, D., Ratmaningsih, N., & Anggraini, D. N. (2023). The Development of Podcast Based Learning Media on Social Studies to Improve Students’ Digital Literacy. New Educational Review, 71, 35–49. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.23.71.1.03
Setyowati, R. R., Rochmat, S., & Aman, A. (2023). The Effect of Digital Learning of Historical Comics on Students‘ Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(5), 818–824. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.5.1873
Simamora, A. H., Agustini, K., Sudatha, I. G. W., & Suartama, I. K. (2024). Enhancing teaching materials development course with the ICARE learning model in e-learning. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(4), 1543–1552. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i4.21304
Sumartias, S., Nugraha, A. R., Bakti, I., Perbawasari, S., Subekti, P., Romli, R., Paulus, E., Aprimulyana, Y., Luffiansyah, P., & Komalasari, H. (2020). Virtual reality design as digital learning media in preserving local culture of tarawangsa art. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9, 1948–1960. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.228
Susilawati, undefined, Doyan, A., Rokhmat, J., Muliyadi, L., Rizaldi, D. R., Fatimah, Z., Ikhsan, M., & Ardianti, N. R. (2025). Integration of Smartphone-Based Learning Media and Project-Based Learning to Enhance Creativity and Scientific Literacy in Physics. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(7), 1449–1459. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.7.2346
Susilo, A., Satinem, Y., & Dwinanda, K. (2024). The potential of Batu Urip cultural heritage site for nature-based physical activities and learning assisted by digital media for children. Retos, 61, 528–535. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109314
Sutopo, S., & Setiadi, B. R. (2020). Metal Casting Engineering Courses Assisted by Digital Smart Modules: An Assessment of Experts and Users. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 9(5), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0085
Syamsudin, Budianto, L., Prihadi, K. D., Susanto, D., Rohman, A., Kholil, A., & Firdousi, M. A. (2025). Digital media’s role in overcoming anxiety, enhancing linguistic elements and fostering motivation for developing speaking skills. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(2), 1379–1388. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i2.31931
Usman, H., Lestari, I., Siregar, Y. E. Y., Rafiqa, S., & Sentryo, I. (2024). Flipbook and E-Learning for Teaching English to Elementary School Teacher Education Students. Studies in English Language and Education, 11(2), 919–935. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i2.35476
Wangid, M. N., Putra, C. A., & Rudyanto, H. E. (2021). The Science-Math Stories Based on Digital Learning: Digital Literacy Innovation in Increasing Ability to Solve Problems. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(9), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i09.22039
Widyaningrum, H. K., Andayani, Suwandi, S., & Wardani, N. E. (2023). The Use of Digital-Based Media in Children’s Literature Learning in Universities During the Pandemic. International Journal of Instruction, 16(3), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.1634a
Wiyanto, W., Falah, M. M., Awaluddin, A., & Sholikhan, M. (2024). Development Of Solar System Teaching Aids With Manipulative Virtualization Concrete And Digital Augmented Reality. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 13(4), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.15294/gk6bxd33
Wulandari, A., Mulyana, D., Hadisiwi, P., & Rizal, E. (2025). Digital Learning Communication to Preserving Javanese: The Role of Digital Media in Education of Local Language in High Schools, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Educational Process: International Journal, 16. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.16.287
Wulandari, Y., Rahmat, W., Kurniawan, M. A., Wirawati, D., & Anwar, N. (2025a). The effectiveness of augmented reality-based gamification in folk poetry learning: integrating local wisdom into education. Retos, 67, 888–902. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.114728
Wulandari, Y., Rahmat, W., Kurniawan, M. A., Wirawati, D., & Anwar, N. (2025b). The effectiveness of augmented reality-based gamification in folk poetry learning: integrating local wisdom into education. Retos, 67, 888–902. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.114728
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maya Putriwan, Sumarni, Elisa, Arifah Novia Arifin, Nur Aisyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
