Early Algebraic Thinking Skills of Upper Elementary School Students

Authors

  • Riduan Febriandi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Tatang Herman Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Turmudi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Dea Iintri Oktriyanti Universitas Bengkulu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i2.1202

Keywords:

Learning outcomes, Mathematics, Algebraic Thinking, Elementary School

Abstract

This study aims to determine the description of the algebraic thinking ability of fifth grade elementary school students in Lubuklinggau city. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The instruments used in this study were in the form of essay-shaped test questions to measure the initial algebraic thinking ability of elementary school students and non-tests in the form of interviews. The population in this study were upper elementary school students in the Lubuklinggau area. The sample in this study was selected using the stratified random sampling technique. From the population selected randomly, two schools were obtained as the place of this study. Based on the results of the study conducted by the researcher, it was obtained that the results of the algebraic thinking ability of 48 students on the first indicator were an average of 36%, on the second indicator an average of 30% was obtained, on the third indicator an average of 58% was obtained, on the fourth indicator an average of 61% was obtained and the fifth indicator an average of 40%. Of the five algebraic thinking indicators, the average ability of students was 45%. So it can be concluded that the algebraic thinking ability of elementary school students is still relatively low and there needs to be innovation in providing learning and teaching media to be able to improve the understanding of algebraic thinking of elementary school students as initial knowledge in preparing knowledge before learning algebra formally at the next level.

References

Azizah, PN ., Maharani, S. ., & Suprapto, E. . (2022). Generalization Ability of Vocational High School Students in Solving Sequence and Series Problems Based on Brain Dominance. Journal of Education and Counseling (JPDK), 4(4), 2425–2433. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i4.5809

Blanton, M.L., Kaput, J.J. (2011). Functional Thinking as a Route Into Algebra in the Elementary Grades. In: Cai, J., Knuth, E. (eds) Early Algebraization. Advances in Mathematics Education . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17735-4_2

Booker, G. (2009). Algebraic thinking: generalizing number and geometry to express patterns and properties sequentially. In MAV 2009: 46th Annual Conference . Mathematical Association of Victoria.

Cai, J., & Moyer, M. (2008). Developing algebraic thinking in earlier grades: Some insights from international comparative studies. In C.E. Greens & R. Rubenstein (Eds.), Algebra and algebraic thinking in school mathematics (pp. 169–180). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

Cai, J., Ng, S.F., Moyer, J.C. (2011). Developing Students' Algebraic Thinking in Earlier Grades: Lessons from China and Singapore. In: Cai, J., Knuth, E. (eds) Early Algebraization. Advances in Mathematics Education. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17735-4_3

Carpenter, T. P., & Levi, L. (2000). Developing conceptions of algebraic reasoning in the primary grades. Research Reports. Research Report: National Center for Improving Student Learning and Achievement in Mathematics and Science, 5, 1–22.

Carreher, AD, Schliemann AD, & Brizuela BM (2006). Arithmetic and Algebra in Early Mathematics Education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education . Vol. 37, no. 2, 87-115.

Dani, S., Pujiastuti, H., & Sudiana, R. (2017). Realistic mathematics education approach to improve students' mathematical generalization ability. Journal of Mathematics Research and Learning , 10(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/jppm.v10i2.2043

Driscoll, M. (1999). Fostering Algebraic Thinking: A Guide for Teachers, Grades 6-10 . Heinemann, 361 Hanover Street, Portsmouth, NH 03801-3912.

Eriksson, H., Sumpter, L. (2021). Algebraic and fractional thinking in collective mathematical reasoning. Educ Stud Math. 108, 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-021-10044-1

Farida, I., & Hakim, DL (2021). Algebraic thinking ability of junior high school students on the material of two-variable linear equation systems (spldv). Journal of Innovative Mathematics Learning, 4(5), 1123–1136. https://doi.org/10.22460/jpmi.v4i5.1123-1136

Groth, R. E. (2012). Teaching mathematics in grades 6-12: Developing research-based instructional practices . SAGE Publications.

Hanifah & Prasetyo, AP, (2018). Analysis of Students' Mathematical Concept Understanding in Solving Group Theory Problems. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang , [Sl], v. 2, n. 2, p. 235-244, July 2018. ISSN 2549-5070. Available at: https://www.e-journal.ivet.ac.id/index.php/matematika/article/view/626

Hardiani, N., Budayasa, I., & Juniati, D. (2018). Algebraic thinking in solving linear programs at high school level: Female student 's field independent cognitive style. Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 947(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/947/1/012051

Huzaimah, Pipip Z., and Risma Amelia. "Obstacles Experienced by Students in Online Mathematics Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Jurnal Cendekia, vol. 5, no. 1, 2021, pp. 533-541.

Kaput, J., Carraher, D., & Blanton, M. L. (2008). Algebra in the Early Grades (1st edition). Routledge.

Kieran, C. (1998). The changing face of school algebra. In 8th International Congress on Mathematical Education: selected lectures: Seville 14-21 july 1996 (pp. 271-290). Sociedad Andaluza de Educación Matemática" Thales".

Kieran, C., Pang, J., Schifter, D., & Ng, S. F. (2016). Early algebra: Research into its nature, its learning, its teaching. In ICME-13 Topical Surveys Carolyn. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748670383-006

Lew, H.-C. (2004). Developing algebraic thinking in early grades: case study of Korean elementary school mathematics 1. The Mathematics Educator , 8(1), 88–106.

Naziroh, I. et al. (2018). Students' algebraic thinking process in solving mathematical problems based on algebraic ability and gender. KadikmA, https://news.ge/anakliis-porti-aris-qveynis-momava .

NCTM. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics . The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

NCTM. (2020). Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics . United States of America: The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc. Kurniawan, M.R., Agoestanto, A., & Wijayanti, K. (2023). Systematic literature review: identification of algebraic thinking skills and mathematical resilience in mathematics learning. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(3), 2208-2221. https://doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v7i3.2442

Patton, B., & Santos, EDL, (2012). Analyzıng Algebraıc Thınkıng Usıng “Guess My Number” Problems. International Journal of Instruction. Vol.5, No.1. 5 -22.

Permatasari, D. (2021). Analysis of Students' Difficulties in Transformational Algebraic Thinking Activities. Jurnal Gantang , 6(1), 19-27.

Pratiwi, V., Herman, T., & Lidinillah, DAM (2017). Upper Elementary Grades Students'algebraıc Thınkıng Abılıty In Indonesia. IJAEDU-International E-Journal of Advances in Education , 3(9), 705-715.

Radford, L. (2000). Signs and meanings in students' emergent algebraic thinking: A semiotic analysis. In Educational Studies in Mathematics (Vol. 42, Issue 3, pp. 237–268). Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1023/A

Saputro, GB, & Mampouw, HL (2018). Profile of junior high school students' algebraic thinking ability on the subject of linear equations with one variable reviewed from gender differences. Jurnal Numeracy , 5(1), 77–90

Schliemann, A.D., Carraher, D.W., & Brizuela, B.M. (2013). Bringing out the algebraic character of arithmetic: From children's ideas to classroom practice. In Bringing Out the Algebraic Character of Arithmetic: From Children's Ideas to Classroom Practice (Issue August 2015). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203827192

Setiawan, E., Muhammad, GM, & Soeleman, M. (2021). Analysis of students' problem-solving abilities in number theory courses. Mosharafa: Journal of Mathematics Education, 10(1), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v10i1.641

Sibgatullin, IR, Korzhuev, AV, Khairullina, ER, Sadykova, AR, Baturina, RV, & Chauzova, V. (2022). A systematic review on algebraic thinking in education. Eurasian Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 18(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.29333/EJMSTE/11486

Sukmawati, A., Sutawidjaja, A., & Siswono, T. (2018). Algebraic thinking of elementary students in solving mathematical word problems: case of male field dependent and independent student. Proceedings of the International Conference on Teacher Training and Education 2018 (ICTTE 2018), 262, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.2991/ictte-18.2018.20

Suryanto, SS, Gayatri, G., Suwargiani, AA, & Zakaria, MN (2023). Cognitive awareness of online-sold prefabricated myofunctional appliances disadvantages among Bandung residents: cross-sectional study. Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students, 7(2), 105-112. https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/pjdrs/article/view/45132/20765

Usiskin, Z. (1999). Conceptions of school algebra and uses of variables. The Ideas of Algebra, K-12, 5, 8–19.

Van De Walle. 2008. Elementary and Middle School Mathematics, sixth Edition , Translated by Suyono. Jakarta, Erlangga.

Wettergren, S. (2022). Identifying and promoting young students ' early algebraic thinking. Lumat, 10(2), 190–214. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.10.2.1617

Wijoyoko, SEP (2011). Evaluation of Learning Programs . Learning Library.

Wilkie, K. J., Hopkins, S. (2024). Generalizing actions with the subtraction-compensation property: primary students' algebraic thinking with tasks involving vertical towers of blocks. Educ Stud Math 115, 433–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-024-10303-x

Downloads

Published

2025-05-31

How to Cite

Febriandi, R., Herman, T., Turmudi, T., & Oktriyanti, D. I. (2025). Early Algebraic Thinking Skills of Upper Elementary School Students. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(2), 292–302. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i2.1202

Issue

Section

Articles